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Energy Trend Knowledge Base

Practical articles on energy audits, energy costs and modernisation — written by Energy Trend’s auditors and engineers.

Two maintenance engineers examine the piping and valves of an industrial installation in an operating production hall.
  • Energy technologies

How to prepare an installation upgrade in an operating manufacturing plant

Upgrading installations in an operating plant means aligning the work schedule with production and safety requirements. This article explains how to identify critical loads, divide the work into phases and prepare both a cutover and rollback plan. It also covers the information designers and contractors

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Solar panels on the roof of an industrial building and a transformer substation on the premises of a manufacturing facility.
  • Energy costs, Energy technologies

Contracted capacity and solar PV – what changes when you have your own installation?

A solar PV system reduces electricity drawn from the grid during sunny hours, but it does not always reduce peak grid demand. Using an example, we show why contracted capacity must be assessed against 15-minute demand and PV generation profiles. We explain which data to

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An engineer assesses a BESS battery storage installation with a PCS inverter next to an industrial production hall.
  • Energy technologies

Battery storage for peak shaving – how to size power and capacity

Sizing a peak-shaving battery starts with setting a grid-import limit and examining successive demand peaks in a 15-minute load profile. The highest required reduction determines system power, while capacity depends on the energy needed to maintain that limit, including losses and a reserve. We show

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Engineer inspecting an electrical installation in a production hall fitted with LED luminaires.
  • Energy costs, Energy technologies

LED lighting retrofits and capacitive reactive energy: when do extra charges arise?

After an LED lighting retrofit, additional charges for capacitive reactive energy may appear, although LED technology alone does not mean they will occur. We explain how to distinguish the effect of LED drivers from overcompensation and how to compare P/Q profiles before and after replacing

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Interior of an industrial boiler plant with a horizontal steam boiler, gas burner, pumps and insulated pipework.
  • Energy Efficiency in Industry

Industrial boiler plant: where energy is lost and how to plan an upgrade

An industrial boiler plant may run without breakdowns yet consume more fuel than the facility actually needs. The problem may lie not only in boiler efficiency, but also in control settings, low-load operation, distribution losses and the conditions required by the process. An upgrade plan

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Two engineers wearing safety helmets review design documents for an industrial installation beside an electrical distribution board and cable routes in a factory hall.
  • Energy technologies

Concept design, technical design and detailed design for industrial installations: what is the difference?

Concept design, technical design and detailed design for industrial installations support different investment decisions. We explain which documents are required by law and which deliverables must be specified in the designer's contract. A technical example and a data checklist show how to compare proposals and

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A specialist checks power quality parameters with an analyzer at a switchboard in an industrial facility.
  • Energy Measurements

Power quality in industrial facilities: parameters, problems and diagnostics

Power quality affects equipment reliability, even when energy consumption and electricity bills appear normal. We explain voltage dips, harmonics, unbalance and flicker, and how to distinguish disturbances originating in the grid from those arising within a facility. Learn which logs, diagrams and data to prepare

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Insulated industrial pipe with a valve enclosed in a removable thermal-insulation cover inside a production hall.
  • Energy Efficiency in Industry

Industrial pipe insulation – heat losses and the economics of upgrading

Uninsulated pipes and fittings can cause heat losses, but whether remedial work pays off depends on the conditions at each installation. We explain how to collect data, choose insulation materials and thicknesses, and plan removable covers. We also present an illustrative savings calculation and an

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Blue compressed air main with branch lines, a pressure gauge and a pipe supplying a machine in a production hall.
  • Energy Efficiency in Industry

Compressed Air Distribution System in a Plant – Design, Pipework, Requirements and Cost

A compressed air distribution system must deliver the required flow, pressure and air quality at every point of use. We explain how to gather the design inputs, lay out the mains and branch lines, and select pipework with pressure losses and condensate in mind. We

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